Improvement in horizontal windivhlls



N. PETERS. FHOTo-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D C,

UNTTnn STATES PAThNT Orricn.

.IOIIN M. VAN OSDEL, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN HORIZONTAL WINDIVHLLS, 8&0.

Speeiiication forming part of Letters Patent No. 2,003, dated March l2,1841.

To all whoml it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN M. VAN OSDEL, of Chicago, in the county of Cookand State of Illinois, have invented a new and Improved Mode ofConstructing Vind-Vi/Theels for Mills, of which the following' is aspecification.

The nature of my invention consists in giving any number of sails orvanes of a horizontal wind-wheel a rotary motion, so that they performexactly half a revolution upon their own axis while the wind-wheelperforms one revolution, the axis of motion in the sails being parallelto the axis of the wind-wheel, the sails turning in a contrary directionto the wheel. I also apply an apparatus which moves only when the windchanges its direction. This apparatus keeps the sails at all times inthe same relative position to the direction of the wind. Ialso apply thecommon governonballs to regulate the speed of the wind-wheel by openingor shutting the sails, causing' more or less surface to be exposed tothe action of the wind, as required.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willproceed to describe its construction and operation.

I first determine the diameter of the Wheel and the number and size ofthe sails necessary for the power required.

In the drawings accompanying this specication I have made the diameterof the wind-wheel twenty-four feet, as shown at l 5 or 2 6 on Figure 2of the drawings. I call it the diameter of the wheel, measuring from thecenter of the axis of one sail to the center of the axis of another saildiametrically opposite. The sails are eight in number. placed at equaldistances trom eachother. The size of the sails is in this instance tivefeet wide and seven feet high. The plane of each sail is therefore asurface of thirty-live superticial feet. The house or mill may be builtin any convenient form; but I propose a round or polygonal building,battering-walls with a conical roof to be the kind of building bestadapted for windmills.

Fig. l of the drawings represents a building on a round plan, threestories high, with a conical roof, to which is applied a windwheel on myplan. To construct one of those wheels I proceed to erect aperpendicular shaft of wood or iron and project it upward through heapex of the roof a sufficient height to receive the first tier of armsor levers, being eighteen inches above the apex of the roof; also toreceive the second or upper tier of arms, being seven feet tive inchesfrom the lower or first tier, the vertical distance between the armsbeing iive inches greater than the height of the sail. The shaft isextended above the upper tier of arms a sufficient height to receive thediagonal suspension-rod c d. This rod must be elevated su'fiiciently toclear the sails of the wheel. I then proceed to fix to the shaft in atruly horizontal position the two tiers of arms, being eight in eachtier, placed at equal distances. They may be made either in whole or inpart of iron or wood. The arms should be rmly attached to the upright orwind shaft by means of an iron Iiange, as shown at c, Fig. 3, the armsto be retained in their horizontal position by means of thediagonalsuspension-rods of iron, which are fastened at the top of thewind-shaft at d by means of a strong hook proj ecting from an iron bandon the shaft, which is hooked in the eye on the end of the sus pensionrod, the suspension rod to pass through the arm and be furnished with anut and screw, (shown at Fig. 1,) so that the arm may be raised ordepressed at pleasure. The upper tier of arms may be supported in thesame manner by suspension-rods, or

they may rest on a vertical prop of wood or iron placed between theupper and lower arms. I also place horizontal connectingpieces betweenthe arms (of wood or iron.) Then connecting-pieces are placed Withinfour or iive inches of the outer end of the arms, and should be affixedfirmly to the arm by means of a screw-bolt passing through theconnectingpece and through the arm. These connecting-pieces are shown at7.'. kin Fig. l of the drawings. The lower end of the shaft is furnishedwith the ordinary stepgudgeon, which should, however, be faced withsteel, and turn upon a steel plate in the step to prevent wearing toofast. The apex of the roof should be made of frame-work, either square,round, or polygonal, leaving a sufficient space in the center for thewind-shaft. This frame, heilig that part of the building against whichthe shaft is pressed with great weight, should be very permanent. Therafters 2 2, Fig. 5, of the roof are placed against this frame, Whichprevents any lateral or downward movement ot' the frame; but the raftersbeing inclined, the weight pressing against their upper ends inclinesthem to raise the frame upward. This must be counteracted by ties ofwood or iron (shown at y y, Fig. 5) connecting the frame with thetiebeams of the roof or girders of the floor. The plan of this frame isshown at a, Fig. 4, and a perspective View of it at c, Figs. 3 and l,and a section of this frame is shown at ct a a a, Fig. 5.

I propose to place friction-rollers around the wind-shaft when it is oflarge diameter to relieve the friction against the frame a. The plan ofthese rollers is shown at d d d, Fig. 4, and an elevation of them at ff, Fig. 5. These friction-rollers should be made of castiron and beplaced between two circular bands of iron e e c e, Fig. 5, the outerband being let into the frame a a. The other is placed around andsecured to the shaft. The outer band is furnished with a horizontalprojection at the bottom edge to prevent the rollers from slippingdownward. The sails (the construction of which will be shown hereinafterin this specification) are furnished with a toothed wheel about two feetin diameter. These wheels are secured firmly to the bottom rail of theframe of the sail in a horizontal position. The teeth or cogs are placedon the edge of the wheel and are called spur-gear. The axes of thesewheels correspond exactly with the axes of the sails. The wheels may bemade of cast-iron, very light, or-they will answer a very good purposemade entirely of wood, with wooden cogs or teeth. They should be fromone to two inches thick. The sails are furnished with wrought-ironpivots, (or other metah) placed one at the top and one at the bottom inthe center of the width of the sail.

To construct the bottom pivot, let G, Fig. 9, represent the thickness ofone of the arms of the wind-wheel, and let H represent the bottom railof the sail.

- B is a cast-iron step for the lower end of the pivot. A plan of thisstep is shown at F.

A represents the pivot, which is made with a shoulder, which strikesagainst the plate C and prevents the pivot from rising out of the stepB. A plan of the plate C isshown at E.

The plate C is placed on the upper side and the step B on the under sideof the arm G, and secured by two screw-bolts passing through bothplates. The pivot is square Where it enters the bottom rail of the sailH.

D is a wrought-iron strap, through which the pivot passes in a squaremortise. The ends of the strap D are turned at right angles and extendupward on the vertical sides of the rail. A screw-bolt is made to passthrough lthe rail, the two ends of the strap D, and through a hole inthe upper end of the pivot A. The weight of the sail rests upon thepivot by the shoulder formed upon the pivot at I coming in contact withthe horizontal part of the strap D.

To construct the upper pivot, .I represents the arm of the wind-wheel;K, the top rail of the frame of the sail; L, the pivot. The lower end ofthe pivot is welded to the plate M.

O isa cast-iron box placed in the arm J, in which the pivot turns.

P is a key secured in the upper end of the pivot L, which prevents itsbeing drawn out by any sudden vibration of the wheel. The plan of theplate M and its position on the rail are shown at S. The plate N isshaped similar to the plate M, the bolts Q R passing through the platesM and N.

To find the position of the sails I divide the circumference of thewheel into as many parts as I intend to have sails, as shown at l, 2, 3,&c., on Fig. 2. I then draw the line c d, which I suppose to be thedirection of the wind. At right angles with c d, I draw the line d e,make d e equal to the radius of the wheel, then from e as a center drawradiating lines through each of the divisions l, 2, 3, &c., (there maybe any number of sails. I have made eight in this case,) and thisradiation of the plane of the sail to the point c will be invariable,whether the mill is in motion or at rest. This will be more plainlyperceived by inspecting the diagram at Fig. 8. Vhere the direction ofthe Wind is a band the centerof the sail is just passing the point e, itwill be observed that each sail turns twenty-two and one-half degrees onits own axis while passing` over one-eighth of the circumference of thewind-wheel. Therefore it is evident, if the sails have an equable motionimparted to them of one hundred and eighty degrees at the same time theypass one revolution on the wind-wheel, they must during every part ofthat revolution radiate to the point e. I now draw the dotted linesfffjq, and f8, Fig. 2, parallel to the line c d, Fig. 2. These dottedlines show the direction of the wind impinging upon the plane of thesails. Then the dotted lines 3g, 4g', 5g, 7g, and 8g each drawn at rightangles with the arms of the wind-wheel 31,4, 5, dsc., respectively. Thuswill the plane of the sails a b, Fig. 2, exactly divide the angles madeby,the dotted linesf3g, ft2, f5g, &c., continually, and this will be thecase on anysized mill with any number of sails whatever. Thus theimpulse and resistance are divided by the plane of each sail, whichgives the greatest possible effect in moving the wind- Wheel.

I shall now proceed to describe the manner in which I impart therequired motion to each sail. The arms of the wind-wheel (marked m m inFigs2 and 3) are double. The ends are joined when they enter the ironflange, and are placed ten inches apart at the outer ends. Twobridging-pieces are framed in this space by being scarted into the armsand firmly bolted to them. One of those pieces is placed in such aposition that the pivot of the sail will rest upon it. The second pieceis framed about ten inches inside of the first, and is placed there forthe purpose of supporting the arbor of anironshaft, to be describedhereinafter in this specilication. These bridgingpieces can be made ofwood or iron, being scarfed and secured to the arms in a manner similarto the connecting pieces or braces placed between the arms, as beforedescribed in this specification. These bridging-pieces are shown atffffon Fig. 3. I now suppose the sails to be placed in their properplaces on the wind-wheel, resting upon theirpivots, as before deseribed. The toothed wheels belonging-to the sails arc also supposed tobe in their proper places, having the bottom pivot ofthe sail passingthrough the axis of the toothed wheel. (Observe those wheels are not tobe fastened to the sail at this stage of the work, but as soon thetoothed wheels have the required motion imparted to them. Then the sailsare to be secured to them in a certain position, which will be describedpresently.) The toothed wheels are shown at their proper places at l. 34 5 (i 7 8 on Fig` 2. I now construct a rim of Wood of sufficientcircumference to touch each toothed wheel of the sails at its peripherynearest to the axis of the wind-wheel. The outer cireum ference of thislarge rim is furnished with cogs or teeth (spur-gear) to conform to theteeth of the wheels of the sails. The weightof this Wooden rim issupported by a small friction-rollersecured tothe side of the arms bymeans of pillow-blocks, of wood or iron, secured tothe arm, the rollerbeing furnished with an axle which rests in said pillows on properboxes. The motion of those rollers being very slow, they may be made ofwood with an iron axle bearing on wooden boxes. The rim is shown at 7L7L on Fig.2. It is evident that if this rim is made to revolve it willcommunicate a rotary motion to each toothed wheel touching itscircumference. The wooden rim is construcl'ed of white ash or other hardwood in two or more thicknesses, and should be made of sufficientstrength to prevent its sagging between the arms. To give this rim therequired motion, I proceed to place a rim of cast-iron (or other metal)on the horizontal surface of the frame in the apex ofthe roof of themill. This cast-iron rim is furnished with cogs on its upper surface(bevel-gear.) This rim is cast with a flange on its outer circumferenceabout four inches in width. The lower surface of this rim and theperiphery of the fiange and about an inch of the upper surface of theiiange must be made smooth by turning it in a lathe or otherwise. Thisrim is placed concentric with the axis of the wind-wheel. A plan of thisrim is shown at l) l), Fig. 4, and a section of it at b l), Fig. 5, anda perspective view of :it at b on Fig. This rim is prevented from movinglaterally or vertically by the four guides, which may be made of brass,iron, or any other hard metal. Those guides are shown at c c c c on Fig.4, and a section of them is given at c c, Fig. 5. Those guides arenicely fitted to the periphery of the flange of the cast-iron rim. Theguides have a projection over the upper surface ol' the flange olf aboutone-halfau inch. Those guides are iirmly screwed down to the surfaces ofthe frame a a, Fig. 5, and fixed so as to allow the rim to move freelyround in a rotary manner, the guides serving to keep the rim in itsconcentric position to the Wind-wheel.

g fon Fig. 3 represent two iron shafts in clined t-o the horizon, theouter ends being raised and have proper arbors to rest in a box ofwood,iro1'1,orothcr metal. The bridging-piece before mentionedatfsustains the bearing of the outer end of this iron shaft. The ends ofthe iron shafts at g have their bearings resting in boxes (of metal) setinto (or bolted against) the wind-shaft. These iron shafts may be eithersquare or round, the ends having proper arbors or bearings turned uponthem. These shafts are furnished with a pinion at each end, the pinionat g being geared to the cast-iron rim l), the pinion at f being justone-half the size of the pinion at g.

The toothed Wheels l and 5 on Figs. 2 and 3 are furnished with acog-wheel (bevel-gear) of the same pitch and number of cogs as thecast-iron rim b. This cog-wheel is secured to the under side of thetoothed wheels l and 5 by means of small screw-bolts. The pinions on theend of the iron shaft at ff are geared to these cog-wheels.

It is evident that if the cast-iron rim remains stationary and thewind-wheel set in motion, theiron shafts gfbeingcarried around with thewind-wheel, the pinions at g will be made to revolve, which revolves theiron shaft gf, and the pinion atf puts the wheels l and 5 in mot-ion.The wheels at l and 5 cannot revolve without giving motion to the rim hh on Fig. 2, and this rim will communicate a like motion to all thewheels geared into it. The sails are now to be secured tothe toot-hedwheels. This is done by causing the wind- Wheel to revolve slowly, andai each sail successively arrives at the point c, Fig. 2, turn the sailuntil its plane is at right angles with the line e d, and While in thisposition secure it by tWo screw-bolts (passing through the bottom railof the sail. and through the cog- Wheel) firmly to the sail. It will benecessar f to change the position of the sails when theWindchangesitsdirection. Thismustbedone by giving motion to thecast-iron rim b, Fig. 3. This motion is effected by means of a vane orlarge sail of forty-live or fifty superficial feet, of light material,attached to a lever or arm of suiicient length to project the vanebeyond the sails of the wind-wheel, as shown at b on Fig. l, and theplan of it at ij 7a, Fig. 2. This vane is attached to the iron rim bymeans of the lever 7c, Fig. 4, (also observe the iron braces j Z onFigs. 2 and 4.) The vane is supported by the diagonal suspension-rod cd, Fig. l, which is attached toa swivel of brass or other metal at d.There is an iron or steel rod inserted into the end of the windshaft attl. This rod has a collar or shoulder attached to strap-hinge on the endof the it, on which the swivel rests. Those parts should be made verysmooth, and in practice kept well oiled. The lever of the vane issupported by the light iron rodf g a on Fig. 1. It will be evident byexamining Figs. 1 and 2 that if the wind changes its direction the vanewill be forced to move correspondingly, and the cast-iron rimwill bemade to slide roundin its guides c c, which imparts motion to the sailsand brings theminto their former relative posit-ion to the direction ofthe wind.

It is very desirable that all machinery moved for the purpose ot'manufacturing should be kept in a certain motion, regular and equable invelocity, andas the velocity of the wind is exceedingly variable it isplain that it the same surface of sail be at all times exposed to thewind the machinery attached must have a corresponding variable movement.'lo regulate this movement, I construct my sails in the followingmanner: I construct a frame of wood, being composed of three verticaland two horizontal pieces. 'lhese frames are shown in perspective at a bon Fig. 3, where the piece at h represents the top rail of the sail, thepiece j the bottom rail of the sail. The vertical pieces at a, 1', and bare mortised and tenoned to the rails 71. j, which inclose two spaces inthe form ot a parallelogram. These two spaces are opened or closedgradually to suit the velocity of the wind. '.lo do this I have twomethods. In one case I close up the spaces in the trame with woodenslats, similar to a blind; in the other, of canvas or other cloth. Tomake them in slats, I divide the height of the spaces intended to beclosed into any number' of equal parts, the slats to be equal in widthto one of those parts, and as many slats as there may be divisions. rlheslats are furnished with a pivot at each end. The pivots that rest onthe central upright of the frame are joined or made in one piece, sothat the slat on one side being moved the pivot will give acorresponding motion to the slat in the other space of the sail. Theplaces for the pivots are shown at k 7c 7c, Fig. When the mill is infull sail, the slats stand vertically in the frame, and when the sail isreeng they turn on their pivots from a vertical to a horizontalposition. The sail opens one slat. at a time, commencing in the middleof the height, and willeontinue to open one slat at ever f secondrevolution of the wheel until the true velocity is recovered. In closingagain the last slat opened will be the first one shut, the first beinglast.

To explain fully the operation of the slats, see the enlarged section ofa sail at Fig. where L represents the top rail, and j the bottom rail,oll the frame. The thickness of the upright part of the frame is shownat a. The width ot' the slats is shown by the figures 1, 2, 3, Ll, 5, 6,7, and S. All the slats are closed except the two at 4 5 6, which areopen.

c and d are two vertical pulleys placed in the central upright of theframe. The arbol.' of the pulley at c is stationary and the pulleyrevolves on the axle. These pulleys may be made of wood, two inchesthick and six inches diameter, more or less. An endless strap of leatheror other material passes over the pulley c and under the pulley (l. Twoframes or solid pieces of wood are attached to this strap, and slide incontrary directions. On opposite sides of the central piece of the sailthe edges of those pieces are shown at ef, Fig. G. If the pulley at (Zbe made to revolve, the strap will cause the pulley at c to revolve alsoand the pieces c f will be put in motion, one upward and one downward.rlhe effect which those pieces have upon the slat-s by this contrarymotion will. be explained presently.

I Z l, Fig. G. are stops halt' an inch thick, which may be worked outot' the solid or got out separately and fastened upon the edges of theupright pieces of the frame of the sail. 'lhese stops are of such awidth and placed in such a position as to keep the slats in a verticalposition in the frame. The length of these stops is equal to half thewidth of one slat, less the thickness ol the slat. Thus the lower endot' the stop will intercept the upper surface of the slat and preventits turning beyond a horizontal position. Each range ot' slats isfurnished with a cam projecting at right angles with the surface of theslat. 'lhcse cams are shown at m 1n m, dsc. The sliding pieces cfstrikethose cams, and by them the slat is carried from a vertical to ahorizontal position. There being eight ranges of slats, four of thesecams are one side of the sail and four on the opposite side. (See llo. 1ol the drawings.)

G is a section of the central piece i ol' the sail; K and J, theposition of Ithe slats; I I, the pivot which connects the slats in thetwo spaces of the sail.

D I) are two guides, made of wood or iron and placed one upon each sideof the central piece ot' the frame. They are grooved into and steady themovement of the slides Aand B when the sail is opening.

A is a section ot` the ascending and B a section of the descendingslide. The edge of the descending slide B is rabbeted, as shown at E. Asthe slide descends, the projecting part of the rabbet E comes in Contactwith the cam L. (Marked m m. m on Fig. 6.) This tilts the slat, and thecam L, passing along under the rabbet, prevents the slat from resumingits vertical position until the motion of the slide is reversed. Thiswill more plainly appear by inspecting the ligure at No. 2, where (lrepresents the edge of the central piece; the rabbeted edge ol' thedescending slide, and the projecting partof the rabbet at E is pressingupon thc edge ol the cam Land carrying the slat from its vertical to itshorizontal position. When the motion of the slide Ii is reversed, thecam Il, No. 1, (which is shaped like the dotted line at H, No. 2,) comesin contactwith the under surface of' acca the horizontal slat K andcauses it to resume its vertical position. A little piece of wood isplaced on the surface of the slat K at the point I. The shape of thesepieces is shown at M M, No. 2. They are just the thickness of thediameter of the pivot I, and are placed so as to come in contact withthe cam Il. Vhen the slide B descends, the slide A ascends. The slide Ais not rabbeted like the slide B,but projects its whole thickness aboutan inch beyond the piece G, as shown at F, No. l; also, observetheprojecting edge of the slide A, No. 2, is pressing' against the cam Pand turning the slat from a vertical to a horizontal position. lVhen themotion of the slide A is reversed, the cam G, Nos. l and 2, comes incontact with the upper surface of the slat and causes it to resume itsvertical position. The cam G is made of hard wood and attached to theedge of the slide A, as shown in the drawings. The connecting-pivot ofthe slats is shown at w. The arbor is welded to two transverse straps ofiron. Those straps are screwed transversely on the surface of the slat,which greatly strengthens the slat and prevents it from splitting'. Xrepresents the pivot for the other end of the slat. This arrangement ofthe pivot causes the slat to bear hard against the side of the stops Z Zon account of the weight of the slat being on one side of the pivot.lVhen the slats are horizontal, it is balanced on the pivot. Motion iscommunicated to the pulley (Z, Fig. 6, by means of a small iron shaftand cog-wheels at G P, Fig. 3.

To use canvas or cloth sails instead of wood or iron, I make twocylindric rollers Q 'r and o p. They are placed horizontally, one at thetop and one at the bottom of the sail, and on opposite sides thereof.Each roller is reduced to a smaller diameter where it crosses thecentral upright t' of the frame. The up- 'per cylinder has an irongudgeon fixed in the center' of it at each end. Those gudgeons work inwrought-iron boxes secured to the upright pieces of the frame. Thegudgeous ot' the lower cylinder are of sufficient length to receive thecog-wheels o and p. An en larged section of one of the cylinders isshown at No. A groove is cut longitudinally iu the cylinder aboutone-half an iuch wide and one inch deep. A strip ol' wood is made tonearly iill up the groove. The groove and strip are well covered withwhite lead. The end of the canvas is then laid over the groove and thestrip pressed, together with the cloth, into the groove. Several slenderscrews should be put through the strip into the cylinder to keep itiirmly in the groove. The corner of the groove should be a littlerounded to prevent its cutting the cloth. When the cylinders are moved,the sail parts in the center of its height, and one half rolls up andthe other down at the same time. The pieces 'a u and o t' are attachedto the cloth and slide in the frame of the sail by :means of a tongueand groove on each side of the division-piece 'L'. Endless straps s 2fare passed over the upper cylinder and under the .lower one. The strapson one side of the sail are attached to the sliding pieces u it, and onthe other side to the sliding piecest1 u. New if by the cog-wheels thecylinders op are made to revolve it is evident that the straps s t willcause the cylinder q1' to revolve likewise. The cloth will be rolledupon the cylinders, and the slides will be drawn to the top and bottomof the frame. Then the motion is reversed, the cylinders unwrap thecloth, and the straps draw the slides u u and t' t' together and closethe sail.

To make the cog-wheels o p revolve, so as to open or shut the sails tosuit the motion required, a, Fig. 7 is a governor made in the 0rdinaryway; Z1, the wind-shaft. Motion is imparted to the governor by means ofthe pulley and cord c CZ. Zhen the mill is too fast, the arm c of thelever is raisedgvhich causes the connecting-rod fg to move from g towardf. This rod moves the lever gli, which causes the cam tj to move from ttoward j and the cam Zt Z to move from Zt' toward Z. I place around theshaft a polygonal drum, having as many faces as I have sails on thewindwheel, as shown at m. On each face of this drum I place small leversof wrought-iron, the arms of which are bent so as to form an acute angleof titty-five degrees, as shown at p n q and p a o. A pin is passedthrough a hole in the angle of the levers at n n, on which the leversmove freely. The arms 0 n and q a of the levers are connected by the rodo q,which have working joints where they are connected; also, the rod10' is attached by a working-joint to the lever at q. The end of the rodq 1' is turned outward where itjoins the lever at q, as shown on theside of the shaft at S. The rod q r extends upward close to the shaftand passes between the shaft and the friction-band, as shown at q fr onFig. 5. The ends of the rod q i' are attached at r to the obtuse-angledlevers lr s t ou Fig. 5. These levers are formed of wrought-iron oflight construction. They are attached by a pivot to the iron flange, towhich the arms of the wind-wheel are secured, as shown at s s, lFig. 5.The horizontal rods t JJ, extending along each arm olf the wheel, are'attached by a working-joint to those levers at t fr. Now suppose thecam Fig. 7, to move from 1I toward until it projects over the drum m. ltwill intercept the lever o a and move it from o top. This will also movethe rod q i' from p to q, which moves the lever o' s t, Fig. 5, and therod t .9c is drawn toward the shaft.

Then the mill is too slow, the lever e, lFig. 7, descends and projectsthe cam Z 7c under the drum m, which intercepts the lever p n and movesit to o n., which reverses the motion of the rod q o' from q to p. Thisaffects the cog-wheels o 19, Fig. 3, as follows: I place the cog-wheel oabout four inches farther from the center of the sail than the cog-wheelon the other end of the shaft at p. Then as the sail revolves on itsaxis the cog-wheels describe two circles, one four inches Within andconcentric with the other. I then proceed to construct a rack, the planof which is a segment of a circle whose radius is a mean between the twocircles described by the cogwheels 0 and p, (the teeth of this rack arecast-iron,) which is screwed firmly to the wooden stock A, which issupported by the Sliding block e', to which it is firmly attached bymeans of a scarf and bolt. This stock is also firmly bolted to the arm Bd. This arm is attached to the arm m by a bolt, which allows the arm B dto move freely. The sliding block e rests upon theupper surface of theconnecting-piece 7a k, Fig. l, between the arms of the wheel. The woodenrim h passes under the rack in the space y. A small wroughtironright-angled lever is pivoted on the arm m at a', from which a short rodis connected to the arm B d at z. The movement of the rack must be fourinches. Therefore when the mill is too fast the rod t a; is drawn towardthe sh aft, and consequently the rack is drawn four inches toward thecenter of the sail and directly in the track of the cog-wheel p. Thecog-wheel in passing over the rack will come in gear with the teeth onthe rack, which will cause the wheel to revolve. The space of time thattheY sail will be in reeng will depend on the number of teeth in theback. Again, when the mill is too slow the rod tx will be driven outwardand the rack moved four inches farther from the center of the sail, soas to be brought in contact with the wheel at fu, which reverses themotion of the shaft o p and closes the sail. I also place a small pin ata in the block on which the rack rests, and a notch is cut on the underside of the frame of the sail at b. The side of this notch is soinclined to the circle in which it moves that the pin at a in passingthrough it draws the rack two inches toward the center of the sail. Thenotch at c operates the same as the notch at b, except that it pushesthe rack two inches from the center. When the rack is two inches fromeither cog-wheel, it is not touched by them, and must be acted uponagain by the governor, if necessary. When the wind is too light to runthe mill at the required speed, the connecting-rod f g, Fig. 7, shouldbe lifted by the hand at f and the pin of the lever e permitted to passbeyond the notch in the rod f g. The lever g 7L should be placedperpendicular and the rod f g left resting upon the pin of the lever c.In case the wind increases the lever c rises and the pin passes into thenotch again, ready to operate upon the reefing machinery.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. The giving of a rotary motion to the two sails m m, Fig. l, as hereinset forth-that is to say, by means of the cast-iron cogged rim b (aroundthe vertical shaft of the mim-and the beveled pinions g g,Fig. 3,combined with and moving bythe pinions at ff (on the ends of the ironshafts g f) the toothed wheels l and 5 on Figs. 2 and 3, by which theaforesaid sails are made to revolve.

2. In combining with the above drivingwheels 1 and 5 on Figs. 2 and 3the cogged wooden rim h h and the sails n, Fig. 1, any

number of which may be arranged on the Wind-wheel, the whole beingconstructed and operating combined substantially as setforth.

In combination with the above mode ot' operating the sails m m andcommunicating motion from them to the other sails, as set forth in thetwo foregoing combinations, the method of changing the positions of thesails to suit the variations of the direction of the wind by means ofthe vane Z), Fig. l, all as herein set forth.

4. The mode of reeng and unreeiing the sails, as herein set forth, byconstructing the slats composing the sails with cams m m, dac., Fig. 6,and combining them in the manner described with. the slides ef, Fig. 6,the pinions 0 p, Fig. 3, and the lnovable rack A, theA whole beingoperated through the arrangement of levers and rods specified by thegovernor-balls.

JOHN M. VAN OSDEL. Vitnesses:

J. A. BARRY, 4HANsoN F. MURPHY.

